美国商务部批准英伟达H200芯片对华出口。
内容总结：
美国商务部将允许英伟达向中国经批准的客户出口H200人工智能芯片，但芯片版本将滞后约18个月，且美方将从销售额中抽取25%作为分成。这一决定由特朗普总统批准，与国会两党普遍存在的对华芯片出口国家安全担忧形成冲突。
此前，共和党参议员皮特·里基茨与民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯已于12月4日联合提出《安全可行芯片出口法案》，要求商务部在30个月内拒绝所有对华先进AI芯片出口许可。目前该法案表决时间未定。
特朗普政府今年在芯片对华出口政策上多次调整：4月对英伟达等公司增设许可要求，5月撤销拜登政府的AI芯片出口管制规则，夏季又提出以抽取15%营收为条件允许对华销售。而中国方面，网信办已于9月禁止国内企业采购英伟达芯片，推动企业转向阿里巴巴和华为的国产芯片。
英伟达发言人对此决定表示欢迎，称其“为美国创造了高薪就业岗位”。特朗普本周一在其社交平台上称，中国国家主席习近平对此消息“反应积极”。
中文翻译：
英伟达高端AI芯片终获对华出口许可。据Semafor报道，美国商务部将允许英伟达向中国经审核的客户出口H200芯片。CNBC报道称，美国将从这些销售中抽取25%的收益。
Semafor报道指出，H200芯片的性能远超英伟达专为中国市场开发的H20芯片，但该公司只能出口约18个月前发布的H200型号。英伟达发言人向TechCrunch回应称："我们赞赏特朗普总统允许美国芯片行业参与竞争以支持高薪就业和本土制造业的决定。向商务部审核通过的商业客户提供H200芯片，这一深思熟虑的平衡举措对美国大有裨益。"
此消息发布一周前，美国商务部长霍华德·卢特尼克曾表示，向中国出口H200芯片的决定权在特朗普总统手中。此次芯片出口许可与美国国会对国家安全的担忧相冲突。内布拉斯加州共和党参议员皮特·里基茨与特拉华州民主党参议员克里斯·库恩斯已于12月4日提交法案，拟禁止向中国出口高端AI芯片超过两年。
《安全可行芯片出口法案》要求商务部在30个月内拒绝所有对华高端AI芯片出口许可。目前尚不清楚立法者何时对该提案进行表决，特别是在特朗普政府已为H200芯片销售开绿灯的背景下。尽管国会两党长期对向中国出口高端AI芯片持明确反对态度，但特朗普总统在此问题上始终摇摆不定。
今年4月，特朗普政府要求英伟达等芯片企业获得许可才能对华出口芯片，随后于5月正式撤销了拜登政府旨在监管AI芯片出口的技术扩散规定。夏季期间，美国政府曾示意只要从芯片销售收入中抽取15%作为分成，企业便可恢复对华出口，芯片由此成为中美贸易谈判的筹码。
但彼时美国芯片在中国市场已面临困境。9月，中国国家互联网信息办公室禁止国内企业采购英伟达芯片，迫使中国企业转而依赖阿里巴巴和华为的国产低端芯片。本周一，特朗普在其社交平台Truth Social上发文称，中国国家主席习近平对最新的H200芯片消息"作出了积极回应"。
本文于12月8日根据最新确认信息更新。
英文来源：
Advanced Nvidia AI chips can head back to China after all.
The Department of Commerce will allow Nvidia to ship H200 chips to China, as originally reported by Semafor, to approved customers in the country. The U.S. will take a 25% cut of these sales, CNBC reported.
H200 chips are much more advanced than the H20 chips Nvidia developed specifically for the Chinese market, but the company would only be able to send H200s that are roughly 18 months old, Semafor reported.
An Nvidia spokesperson told TechCrunch of the development: “We applaud President Trump’s decision to allow America’s chip industry to compete to support high paying jobs and manufacturing in America. Offering H200 to approved commercial customers, vetted by the Department of Commerce, strikes a thoughtful balance that is great for America.”
The news report comes a week after U.S. Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick said the decision on exporting these H200 chips to China was in President Donald Trump’s hands.
The decision to send the chips to China conflicts with Congressional concerns about national security.
Pete Ricketts, a Republican senator from Nebraska, and Chris Coons, a Democratic senator from Delaware, introduced a bill on December 4 that would block the export of advanced AI chips to China for more than two years.
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The Secure and Feasible Exports Act (SAFE) Chips Act would require the Department of Commerce to deny any export license on advanced AI chips to China for 30 months. It’s unclear when legislators will vote on the proposed bill especially now that the Trump administration has given the green light to sell the H200 chips.
While Congress has long been clear about sending advanced AI chips to China — on both sides of the aisle — President Trump has waffled on whether or not to allow the exports.
The Trump administration hit chip companies like Nvidia with licensing requirements to send their chips to China in April before it formally rescinded a Biden administration diffusion rule that would have regulated AI chip exports in May. Over the summer, the U.S. government signaled that companies would be able to start sending chips to China as long as the government got a 15% cut of all revenue, as chips became a bargaining tool in trade talks with China.
However, by that point, the market for U.S.-developed chips in China was strained.
In September, China’s internet regulator, the Cyberspace Administration of China, banned domestic companies from buying Nvidia’s chips, leaving companies in the country to rely on less advanced domestic chips from Alibaba and Huawei.
On Monday, Trump said that Chinese president Xi Jinping “responded positively” to the latest H200 news in a Truth Social post.
This story was updated on December 8 when the proposed decision was confirmed.